In this study, the Macro modeling of masonry structures is used based on homogenous models, and an equivalent planar-frame model based analytical method is proposed for the purpose of masonry structures assessment. The equivalent frame model is a simple applicable approach which is almost accurate and time saving. Also, it holds proper convergence compared to the exact analytical and experimental methods. In the formulation of beam column Elements, distribution of nonlinearity is chosen. Nonlinear constitutive model is simulated in the cross-sections and length-sections by the usage of fiber Elements. For the consideration of shear behavior, bed joint sliding mode of failure and diagonal tension mode, smeared crack approach based interface Element is developed in the Matlab framework. To consider seismic assessment of masonry walls, constitutive models is considered according to Instruction for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings (No. 36) through a subroutine in main program. The accuracy of suggested approach is verified through comparison of experimental results and existing analytical methods. The comparison of experimental results with numerical results shows a good agreement.

One of the important issues in the vibration analysis of rail structures is to investigate the effect of train movement and the variable location of the load. This research introduces a new model to provide the ability to investigate 3D stress during analyzing a linear model. This model includes 6 degrees of independent transitional and rotational freedom, and one dependent degree of freedom as Warping to analysis the effect of moving loads. So, the interaction of the independent degrees of freedom has been considered due to the asymmetry of the cross section, especially in the earthquake load conditions. Finally, using a numerical Mathcad programing model, some of the parameters that are effective in modelling and vibrational analysis of rails have been examined. One of the important achievements of this study is to prove the effect of rail vibration acceleration on the characteristics of the analysis model as well as the need to determine the length of the computational model based on the results of the rail vibrational acceleration and its processing at the end of the rail. According to the formulation performed, stiffness and damping matrix are asymmetric, because of the velocity and acceleration vector effect of the load, however the mass matrix remains symmetrical. Also, by creating initial sinusoidal displacement conditions on the system, the conditions of corrugation phenomena can be expressed. The seismic acceleration applied to the model to evaluate the relevant freedom degrees and determinate the permanent deformation is considered in the model. It indicates the presence of permanent twisting and warping values in the rail-beam model, is about 40-50% of the maximum value. According to this investigation, the determination of the boundary conditions based on the damping of the acceleration at the end of the rail is very effective in calculating the results more accurately.

In current study, Macro and micro Element contents of oat grains were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). P contents of grains were found between 2428.72 mg/kg (Arslanbey) and 4557.25 mg/kg (TL10). While K contents of oat samples change between 3055.99 mg/kg (TL63) and 5621.12 mg/kg (TL8), Ca contents of oats ranged from 568.50 mg/kg (TL63) to 1269.97 mg/kg (TL86). In addition, the highest and lowest Mg were determined in Kırklar (2024.88 mg/kg) and TL73 (1252.48 mg/kg) oat samples, respectively. Iron contents of oat changed between 29.98 mg/Kg (TL7) and 80.78 mg/Kg (Arslanbey). While Zn contents of oat samples change between 15.50 mg/kg (Arslanbey) and 37.68 mg/kg (TL/76), Mn contents ranged from 25.82 mg/kg (TL63) to 62.55 mg/kg (Kırklar). Also, the highest Zn and Cu contents of oat grains were found in TL76 (37.68 mg/kg) and TL67 (8.67 mg/kg). Locations had significant effect on all Macro and micro nutrient concentrations of oat grains. The results presented here suggest that oat grains could serve as a good source of mineral Elements.

The effect of bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum and Pseudomonas putida) were examined in a green house pot experiment with Aloe vera. The present study was carried out in the complete randomized block design with 4  treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included (1-control plants 2-inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum 3-inoculation with Pseudomonas putida and4- inoculation with mixture of microorganisms). The statistical analysis showed the Plant growth promoting rhizobacterias (PGPR) that tested in this experiment  had significant effect on increasing growth parameters such as roots and leaves fresh and dry weight ,number and length of leaves and roots ,leaf area as well as the content of the P and K uptake in Aloe vera. High significant difference was observed in inoculation of Pseudomonas putida. This treatment significantly increased yield about 42.4% compared with control plants. The results obtained in the present work mainly show the potential of PGPR in production of Aloe vera.

Objective: CREB1 is an important downstream protein for many signaling pathways. By designing efficient siRNAs against CREB1, it may be possible to assess the role of molecules involved in signaling pathways in different cell types. In this research the efficiency of CREB1 knockdown by two different siRNAs in K562 cells has been studied. Materials and Methods: siRNAs have been designed according to the criteria suggested by Reynolds et al. K562 cells were transfected by siRNA using Lipofectamine 2000. The efficiency of CREB knockdown has been assessed by quantitative relative Real-time PCR. Results: Our results have shown that only one of the siRNAs has a high level of inhibitory effect on CREB1 gene expression. The expression of CREB1 by this siRNA was knocked-down by 87% in K562 cells. Conclusion: In this research, although two siRNAs were designed according to the Reynolds et al. criteria, only one showed an inhibitory effect. Reasons other than the aforementioned criteria may be involved in effectiveness of siRNAs.

Background and Aim: The fixture Macro-design is one of the most important factors influencing the implant’s primary stability and micro-motion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peri-implant stress distribution and micro-motion in 2 types of immediately loaded implants in order to determine the best design by using finite Element analysis. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study the accurate pictures of the two fixtures (ILS and Xive) were taken by a digital camera. By using computer simulation technique, a three dimensional finite Element model was inserted in a simulated mandibular bone. The displacement and Von Misses stress was recorded after loading. Results: It was found that, the primary stability of ILS was greater (152 mm) than Xive (284mm). Likewise, ILS exhibited favorable behavior in stress distribution. Moreover, the maximum stress concentration in Xive peri-bone (»30MPa) was lesser than Nisastan (»37MPa). Conclusion: The ILS Macro-design provides better primary stability and stress distribution, with less stress around the Xive.

Changes of up to 80°C has been reported for oral cavity temperature. This could well effecti on the nature of restorations for example failure of bonding of adhesive restorations. It is advocated that using opaque layer in porcelane to restorations could reduce this problem. This experimental study was designed to evaluate the effect mentioned using finitElement analysis method.Results showed that cooling has a more destructive effect than warming process restorations with the presence of opaque having a finitElement analysis effect on restorations.

Alosa braschnikowi and Vimba persa are commercially important fish species in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. However, little is known about the trace Element (TE) concentrations in their muscles. To this end, a total of 82 pieces of V. persa and 74 A. braschnikowi were caught at three different fishing areas (Astara, Anzali, and Kiashahr) around the southwestern shorelines of the Caspian Sea from September 2017 through June 2018. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure the accumulation of 34 traces and Macro Elements in some tissues of the fish species. Then, comparisons of the Element levels in these tissues were made for the three different fishing areas. Overall, in the case of A. braschnikowi, 30, 30, and 28 Elements were detected in its skin, gonads, and kidneys, respectively, while in the case of V. persa, 27 and 28 Elements were found in its muscle and liver, respectively. The majority of Element levels measured in these tissues indicated no significant differences among the sampling areas (P > 0. 05) except for such Elements as copper, lanthanum, and tungsten in skin, lanthanum, rubidium, and vanadium in gonads, as well as molybdenum and zinc in kidney (P < 0. 05). The capacity of observed Elements put human health at risk were examined as well. The TE content in the tissues of A. braschnikowi and in the muscles of V. persa (P < 0. 05) differed significantly from the international standard levels (P < 0. 05). In this study, only lead indicated a target hazard quotient (THQ) index above 1. Therefore, high consumption of this fish (360 g per year) may be a matter of concern for the consumer. In the case of other evaluated Elements, the THQ value was less than 1.

According to the reduction in the quantity and quality of water resources, the use of high efficiency drip irrigation system is inevitable. A limitation of this method is the use of unusual water. For example, in surface drip irrigation, remaining salt after evaporation is caused the eclipse. While in subsurface drip irrigation, because of less evaporation from the soil, eclipse is minimized. In the subsurface irrigation methods, due to reducing water evaporation, plant water needs can be reduced. To investigate irrigation system in pistachio garden, pistachio gardens in Koshkooyieh village (Rafsanjan city) was selected and plan design that consists of two tube insertion depth (50 and 70 cm) and three consumption Water level (50% I1=, 75% I2=100 % I3=water requirement) with three replications were assembled. To feed Pistachio trees, fertilization was done simultaneous with subsurface irrigation pipe installation. The type and amount of needed fertilizers were calculated according soil test and added to each treatment with organic materials using placement in-depth approach. Four years results of the study indicated that the average irrigation water were calculated 2050, 3065 and 4010 cubic meters per hectare per year for treatments I1, I2 and I3 respectively. Each year, the performance of the each treatment during test was measured using scales with an accuracy of 1kg. In years that tests were done, samples of the leaves were gathered and the nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in these samples were determined. During of the project, there was no significant difference between the performances of each tree under treatment in none of years. Nutrients concentrations in the leaves of trees indicated that any significant changes did not accrued. in nutrient concentrations in leaf samples.

A factorial experiment based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was performed with three replications to investigate the interaction between salinity and NH+4 / NO-3 ratio on olive saplings. Four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100,150 mM) and different ratios of NH+4/ NO-3 (0:14, 2:12, 4:10, 6:8) were applied on one-year old olive saplings grown in perlite: sand media (1:1). Results indicated that different levels of salinity, decreased N, P, K absorption, K/Na ratio, chlorophyll content index and photosynthesis rate and increased proline content and Na absorption in different rates. Zard cultivar was more affected by the deleterious effects of salinity. Also it was observed that increasing NH+4 in the nutrient solution enhanced K/Na ratio and photosynthesis rate in Zard cultivar while reduces mentioned parameters in cultivar Arbequina.Nutrient solution containing NH+4 and NO-3 ions (8 to 6 ratio) in comparison with others with the increase of photosynthesis rate and K/Na ratio was more efficient in adjustment of deleterious effects of salinity. This effect was more obvious in ‘Zard’ than ‘Arbequina’.